The Transformation of Jack in William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay

The Transformation of Jack in William Golding's Lord of the Fliesâ Â Â In the novel, Lord of the Flies, Jack is the character that encounters the most change. Jack starts the novel as a to some degree presumptuous choirboy, who cries when he isn't chosen pioneer of the island. Jack is bit by bit changed into a horrendous executioner who has no regard for human life. Through a progression of stages, for example, driving the ensemble, driving the chasing clan, wearing the veil, murdering Simon, isolating from the gathering and purposefully executing Piggy, Jack degenerates from an ordinary, haughty school kid into a savage brute. Toward the start of the novel, Golding depicts Jack's physical appearance as inside the drifting shroud he was tall, meager and hard; his hair was red underneath the dark top. His face was folded and freckled and monstrous without absurdity (20).â Jack's unique expectations were to keep a sorted out gathering on the island. Jack concurs with Ralph when he unites the gathering, saying, I concur with Ralph. We must have governs and obey them. All things considered, we're not savages. We're English, and the English are the best at everything. So we must do the correct things (42).â Although initially depicted as a quite typical kid, proof of his threatening vibe starts to develop. While Piggy is talking, Jack shouts, you're conversing with a lot. Quiet down greasy (21). Â Â â â â â â â â â Jack is made the pioneer of the chasing clan. He and his trackers experience a lot of difficulty attempting to chase and slaughter a pig. Since he was raised as a component of a modern and affluent family in England, he has not had any involvement in chasing previously. He battles to turn into a tracker. Be that as it may, Jack is appeared to have savage inclinations early. The creator says, he [Jack] attempted to pass on the... ...an awful executioner who has no regard for human life. Â Works Cited Magill, Frank N., ed. Masterplots. Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs: n.p., 1949. 3 vols. Matuz, Roger., ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 58. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 68 vols. Michel-Michot, Paulette. The Myth of Innocence,. Matuz 175-7. Â Remarks You have a strong conversation of Jack's change too a decent handle of your language and grammar.â Your presentation and your decision ought to be increasingly nitty gritty. In the presentation you ought to present the novel, itself, and present your topic.â Why is a creating character essential to the improvement of the novel?â Your decision ought to talk about how the adjustment in Jack's character has influenced the remainder of the gathering, how it has influenced the plot, and maybe, why Jack's character declined as opposed to improving.

Wal-Mart Business aroung the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal-Mart Business aroung the World - Essay Example As the paper features, Mexico was not a driving district so they must be inside their consumers’ neighborhood. Beside that, Mexicans favored new items so they brought to the table their products new. With their ache to prevail in their undertaking and the assistance of Grupo Cifra, Mexico turned into their first worldwide extension in 1991.â Beside enormous set up retailers like Metro AC, Aldi and Kaufland, Wal-Mart’s serious mix-up in their endeavor in Germany was not having a social setting on their system. Same thing with their business in South Korea, Wal-Mart appeared to take into account Americans alone and wouldn't fret the region’s culture. Not at all like with their business in Mexico, they didn’t attempt to adjust to the necessities and needs of their purchasers. They in the long run needed to pull out their business in these nations. Offering newly collected items is an absolute necessity for Chinese. Given that China shares 1/3s of Asia’s populace, Wal-Mart thinks about China as the focal point of their development system.  International undertaking is rarely simple. There are such a significant number of elements to consider. Culture is on the listr. As a retailer, you should know the merchandise a locale will purchase to remain in business. A thorough gracefully and request and shopping propensities study will be basic so as to prevail in your endeavor. Recall that to remain in business, you ought to get a decent level of the market. Wal-Mart posted their second from last quarter benefits coming to $3.23 billion, which is 3.2% from a year prior. Their net deals for the second from last quarter were $98.667, which expanded 1.1% from a similar period a year ago. Wal-Mart has in excess of 7,970 stores including Supercenters and markdown stores.â

How did the group plan for a range of audience responses Essay

Through our exhibition we needed to pass on a progression of reactions from the crowd based around the a wide range of emotions you can understanding on the off chance that you were caught. As the point didnt truly take into account the elements you can make with humor, we needed to empower the crowd to intellectually isolate their enthusiastic reaction for every scene, with the end goal for them to feel another passionate experience. We did this via cautiously arranging the enthusiastic excursion we needed to take them on, by first slipping them into feeling frightened with the seizing scene, and inevitably taking them to the neurosis included in the last scene. We even observed how the crowd reacted to the exhibition by requesting that they fill in a poll. In the primary arrangement of scenes which rotated around the capturing of a young lady, we needed the crowd to be stunned at the way this can occur without trying to hide. We in this manner put things in place toward the finish of a school day, with the ruffian remained in crowds see viewing the young lady. This promptly makes anticipation inside the crowd as they probably am aware something will occur. At the point when the young lady gradually follows her and hesitantly holds her hand we needed the crowd to feel stun and weakness. The second piece of this scene was a news report on the hijacking. This scene was one that we wanted to be short, yet handle the crowds consideration and cause them to understand the earnestness of the circumstance. Despite the fact that this scene was basic with its lighting and no audio effects, it was clear that the crowd felt concerned. One of the scenes where we planned to genuinely stun the crowd was referenced ordinarily through the polls. It was the scene where the mother communicates with the crowd. For this we expected to utilize a Brechtian strategy of breaking the fourth divider, and Ëœmingling with the crowd. We needed her manner of speaking to be exceptionally screechy and weak to stun the crowd into truly accepting that she has lost her kid, and the utilization of close eye to eye connection causes them to feel lacking to help. The crowd said that they felt upset by closeness of the association between Laura (the mother) and themselves. We needed to proceed with the Brechtian topic using bulletins, as they make visual subtitles that hinder and sum up the activity. We intended to yell at the crowd to cause them to feel awkward. Another change is made when we include some uproarious and quick drum and bass music, and in corporate blazing lights. We imagined that by making something outwardly animating, we could cause the crowd to feel helpless. Utilizing physical theater, we as a gathering needed to truly speak to being caught. Charlotte (who played the young lady being grabbed), and afterward fiercely shaking and moving while Charlotte endeavors, yet neglects to get away and connect. We wanted to incite a feeling of weakness and frailty however in such a manner, that it would stun the crowd. The utilization of physical venue expressly permits the crowd to really Ëœsee the scene, and leaves it not entirely clear. Likewise, the anorexia scene was a blend of both naturalism with the character of Sophie and oddity, in that Charlotte is truly speaking to anorexia. This in its own privilege should make the crowd awkward and apprehensive. Like Antonin Artauds theater of mercilessness, we needed to make a character that is physical portrayal would break the bogus reality and upset the crowd. That is the manner by which we thought of Annas character. Anyway we right off the bat needed the crowd to feel frustrated about Sophie (the character with anorexia, played by me), so we gave her a monolog in which she bit by bit got more vulnerable as she was talking. This utilization of breaking the fourth divider by tending to the crowd was deliberate, as it would make a private association with the crowd. I began with a certain manner of speaking, however steadily got calmer and my non-verbal communication progressively meek as I arrived at the finish of my monolog. We felt that the utilization of monologs would assist with drawing in the crowd. The enthusiastic excursion we intended to take Sophie on was to give her a scope of feelings, so the scene didnt become dull and lose crowd intrigue. The differences of the yelling at Anna, and afterward fleeing crying, were an endeavor to take the crowd on a similar excursion I was encountering. When Sophie crumples toward the end, it connotes her physical and mental weariness, that again we needed the crowd to feel in the wake of viewing the exhibition. The destitution scene was utilized, so as to show the childishness inside our general public, and how we Ëœturn a visually impaired eye to what is directly before us. We needed to utilize physical venue to make the piece very dynamic. So as to do this we again figured a Brectian procedure would function admirably, as we didnt need the crowd to be coddled there feelings. This technique for removing ourselves from the crowd was an extraordinary method of permitting the crowd to address what they are seeing. We needed them to make there own understanding of the scene and how they truly felt about the issue of destitution. As there were no words, we utilized music which we felt epitomized a great deal of feeling. At a certain point in the music, the beat changed. We concluded this would be a valid statement to communicate with the crowd, so we gazed upward and gazed at them. This was an endeavor to single out the crowd individuals, in a path as though to state Ëœyou can change this. We likewise rehashed the scene yet with veils. We needed to speak to the anonymity of society, and how individuals are excessively self required to perceive what is happening around them. Be that as it may, subsequent to perusing the surveys we had requested that the crowd fill in, a considerable lot of them recorded that they didnt comprehend the scene, particularly when with the covers. We possibly could have thoroughly considered this scene somewhat more, and maybe not have utilized the covers as it just appeared to befuddle the crowd, which we would not like to do. Taking everything into account, the gatherings plan for a scope of crowd reactions was extremely dependant on what sort of strategy we wished to follow. As we have contemplated numerous professionals and their speculations; we felt that utilizing a wide range of acting styles and procedures, we could design and make our ideal crowd reactions. Nonetheless, we additionally needed to think about the class and setting of the scene, with the goal that we could make the reaction that we wished the crowd to have.

The Controversial Issue Of Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

The preamble is the presentation, which gives a diagram of the play. It mentions to us what occurs toward the finish of the play, for this situation in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ it is told in the presentation, for instance the lines, ‘a pair of star-cross’d darlings take their life’, ‘doth with their passing cover their folks strife’. These two lines state that Romeo and Juliet both somewhere down in affection with one another, pass on toward the finish of the play, the explanation being that their folks loathed one another. It likewise puts things in place of ‘Fair Verona’ and it clarifies the substance of the play, ‘Two households’, and ‘break to new mutiny’. The preface is said by the chorale. This implies it is a thought of a gathering of individuals taken from old Greek custom. The introduction doesn't acquaint the crowd with the characters in the play; it just discussions quickly about the occasions inside the play. An introduction toward the start of a play is a style regularly utilized by Shakespeare to open up a play. It is additionally regular that Shakespeare utilizes the utilization of a poem to deliver the introductions. A poem consistently has fourteen lines altogether. It is an extremely exact bit of verse. The rhyme conspire is exceptionally close and controlled-a,b,a,b,c,d,c,d,e,f,e,f,g,g. They comprise of three quatrains with a last rhyming couplet. It is exceptionally controlled, yet extremely inconspicuous. You would will in general notification the narrating first and afterward understand that it is a sonnet with musicality. There are ten syllables in each line, an example of focused and unstressed syllables. It is reluctantly emotional. It stresses its motivation in recounting to the story, ‘Is now the two hour’s traffic of our stage. ‘ It legitimately advises the crowd to focus, ‘The which in the event that you with persistent ears join in, what here will miss, our work will endeavor to mend,’ and the play will create from what the preamble has been uncovering. In Franco Zefirelli’s creation of ‘Romeo and Juliet’, the preface is brief and short. The film begins with the subtleties, the initial credits. The textual style to the credits is in white and in a very gothic style of composing making it fit in with the customary subject. While the subtleties are gradually showing up on the screen, around the screen there is a dainty fringe of orange geometric shapes on a yellow foundation. As the outskirt is so brilliant and vivid, it can promptly get the audience’s eyes and in this manner catches their eye. The fringe recommends a sixties styles. You would most likely anticipate a progressively formal, dull edged sort of fringe. A delicate and moderate song played on a harpsichord plays discreetly out of sight. The impact that Zefirelli attempts to make here is to make a decent quiet starting to the play. In shot one, you can see the camera panning over the city of ‘Fair Verona’ and marginally out of core interest. The light is blue and foggy, bit by bit lighting up as the camera dish, recommending that it is day break. The shade of the light in the sky sparkling over the city, makes a fantastic and serene impact, and adds to the excellence of the city that is being appeared. You could just barely make out the highest points of tall structures and places of worship from the start, however as it step by step gets lighter, the structures and different highlights become more into center. The housetops of houses, church towers and a waterway are seen unmistakably. You can feel the quietness of the city in the early morning, which again gives the impact of the city being quiet and serene. The camera skillet round the entire city, and afterward climbs towards the sun and stop with the sun being straightforwardly in the center of the screen shot. The sun recommends the sweltering outside atmosphere of a blistering remote nation, for example, Italy. Shakespeare’s name shows up when the camera has quit panning and concentrated on the sun. The entirety of this equivalents one continuos shot. The panning is moderate, and the lighting up of the day is moderate, making a moderate pace to the shot. It gives me the impression of a moderate peak to the preface, getting increasingly more exceptional as it comes, and halting at the sun gives me the feeling that it speaks as far as possible, with an either heartbreaking end or an extremely glad end. I imagine that it is attempting to identify with the entire play itself, with the progressive peak with an extreme closure. All through shot one, the speaker gradually discusses the preamble in a lovely style. He talks gradually going with the consistent progression of the moderate movement of the panning of the camera, so it would not impact the background’s making of harmony. The speaker of the introduction is a man whose voice is delicate, relieving and musical as he echoes the preface. He despite everything talks while going into the subsequent shot. Shot two is of a medieval yard. Before the yard there is the city divider with fortifications made of stone and block, which gives the impression of the setting being in the medieval occasions. The camera quits moving and shows the shot of the patio while the speaker wraps up the introduction. As he finishes his discourse of the preamble, the camera moves marginally round to one side, which shows that where the camera is close to the city divider, it is likewise one of the parts of the bargains commercial center. The sun’s brilliant splendid morning light sparkles over the city divider and through the road of the commercial center, speaking to that it is the beginning of another day. The sound of the buzzing about of a bustling commercial center bit by bit develops and the main demonstration of the principal scene starts there. This impact is to get the play with an increasingly quiet beginning and not racing into the play with an alternate shot, bringing the crowd into a moderate and quiet start. Zefirelli doesn't make any immense enhancements. The title of the play, ‘Romeo and Juliet’ shows up as the speaker says the words ‘star-crosse’d lovers’. Zefirelli’s reason for having the title and the words ‘star-crosse’d lovers’ coming up simultaneously, is to fortify outwardly and aurally the primary concern of the play that it is an appalling anecdote about the darlings Romeo and Juliet. Baz Luhrmann’s form of the preamble is done in significantly more detail and is underlined a colossal sum more. Luhrmann attempts to catch the eye of the crowd with quick moving screen shots and exuberant music. The main shot that surfaces on the screen is of a TV with a clear screen, and the separation between the camera and the TV is exceptionally far, making the TV look extremely little out there. The primary sound is the fluffiness of a TV, and afterward on the screen of the TV, the initial credits are shown on white tiles with a dark foundation. The differentiation between the hues gives a sharp impact. This gives an altogether different first impact on the crowd contrasted with Zefirelli’s opening shot. Luhrmann’s first shot of the intense white tiles with a dark foundation, gets the audience’s consideration straight away. After the credits, a female newsreader shows up on the TV screen, and she peruses so anyone might hear the preface. She says the preface like perusing out loud a news report as opposed to in a wonderful poem way. This makes the preface inconspicuous and it makes the crowd reconsider before understanding that the preamble she is stating. The unobtrusive talking about the preface contrasts with Zefirelli’s make of the introduction being clear to opening up the film. Next to the newsreader out of sight, there is a little picture with some content underneath it. As the camera is in the far separation, it makes it difficult to perceive what the image and content are, which makes the crowd wonder what it is. While the newsreader is stating the preface, the camera unpretentiously zooms in straightforwardly towards the screen, and the image in the corner progressively comes into center. The image is of a wrecked ring with the content underneath it saying ‘Star cross’d lovers’. The imagery of the messed up ring is that the darlings wind up being torn away from one another. After the newsreader says the twelfth line of the preamble, the camera unexpectedly gets speeds and zooms directly into the TV screen, through a high road. Simultaneously the words, ‘Fair Verona’ continually flashes up in white with a dark foundation. From the zooming, it has converged from one foundation into another. This abrupt get a move on would as though wake up the crowd and stunning them as the screen had out of nowhere moved between different shots. This is not at all like Zefirelli’s introduction of the preface, as he keeps his preamble straightforward and quiet right through, though Luhrmann utilizes the impact of zooming and glimmering words up making a sensational scene. The explanation of glimmering the words, ‘Fair Verona’ while the camera surges down the high road, is to cause the crowd to comprehend the examination and acknowledge precisely how ‘fair’ Verona truly is in his variant of the film. It shows a rotting urban scene negating ‘fair Verona’. The text style of the composing is strong like Arial, and is in square capitals, making it understood to the crowd what it says. In Zefirelli’s, as the camera skillet over the city, you can see that Verona is extremely beautiful and reasonable, as the preamble says it seems to be. As the camera arrives at the finish of the road, the camera is out of nowhere centered around the substance of a sculpture, which was far out there from where the zooming into the road started. Dramatic music begins to be played noisily, which delivers a greater impact on catching the audience’s eye. The camera at that point pulls back to see the highest points of two corporate structures with the sculpture in the center. The structures have enormous signs on the highest point of them. They are the names of the two family units, Capulet and Montague. They are in various hues, Capulet in red and Montague in blue. The distinctions in the hues underline the contrast between the two. The impact o

Managing Activities to Achieve Results Assignment - 1

Overseeing Activities to Achieve Results - Assignment Example To get such abilities the organization needs to utilize individuals with different aptitudes across various social foundations and subsequently it has added to the present structure of the organization. It has submitted itself towards engaging the staff it has utilized and therefore used the creative style of authoritative structure. The structure explicitly utilized by Syngenta is the grid structure likewise alluded to as the task group structure. On the off chance that Syngenta needs to utilize process the board in the mapping out their procedures so as to get its objectives and targets, there are a few things it must consider on the off chance that it needs to succeed. Utilization of a procedure the executives happens when the administration circumstance is dynamic as opposed to static. Dynamic can be brought about by: (an) outside variables †the action starts as a task however in the long run veers off and turns into a procedure in light of the fact that the outer gatherings have presented their own meanings of issues and arrangements and in this way meddle with the procedure (Bruijn, Heuvelhof and Veld 2010, p15). (b) Internal variables †the movement starts as a task and in the long run turns into a procedure on the grounds that the venture proprietor has understood that over the span of the undertaking, the issue has gotten unique in relation to what he had foreseen. The dynamic procedure for this situation must be founded on the chain of importance framework and all the dynamic procedures are straight and organized and they continue towards an answer exhaustive various stages. An on-screen character who is unrivaled in progression starts the dynamic procedure. The other associated with the dynamic need to carry on helpfully and this is mostly because of the subjection to the one in charge of the dynamic procedure (Bruijn, Heuvelhof and Veld 2010, p16).The organization needs to think about the two components when mapping out their procedures so as to get their objectives and goals. The procedures can be assessed by the outcomes it accomplishes, for example, various activities, a number

buy custom Mental State after War essay

purchase custom Mental State after War paper Mental state is that mental state which demonstrates the psychological wellness status of a person as he conveys his everyday exercises. The primary point of this article is to portray the psychological condition of the principle character in the dramatization, ' The Man Outside' Beckmann and the sort of express the world in after the war.The play depicts the arrival of a sad officer known as Backmann who return to his nation in the wake of being in the war field in Russia, to the incredulity of this character he finds that he had lost his home , spouse and moreover his convictions and figments. Beckmann end up in a circumstance where each entryway is shut for him in regard to his life. The play brings a circumstance where even the stream is dismissing his endeavors to end it all. The play reach a conclusion with what it very well may be said to be Beckmann's passing. From the above brief portrayal of the play, some mental character created in Beckmann following his arrival from war in Russia to discover everything that he had claimed was no more. One of the new mental conditions of Beckmann after the war is dreams, this come because of his endeavors to end it all in vein. In this fantasy he ends up drifting in waterway Elbe. The stream go to be protective figure as opposed to washing him a way where this nurturing figure finds that Beckmann is making an endeavor to murder him yet laushes out, disparaging him from ending it all. The mother figure calls him in a swooned heart and reveals to him that she won't allow him to execute himself. This fantasy closes with him washing the sand. This fantasy uncovers to the sort of life that Beckmann needs to live that is brimming with torments and mental issues. This gets him to a point where he even can't have tranquil evenings because of consistent dreams that come to him consistently after his endeavor to end it all fizzled. In scene each other mental character of Beckmann comes out and that is irritation. We an individual who acquaints himself with Bechmann, yet rather than him being obliging Beckmann says that he is 'yes-sayer' he wind up advising the man to leave. This show the war had antagonistic mental impact on Beckmann where his capacity to cooperate with others is incredibly influence by the loss of his home and spouse. Another character that we find in him is that of trouble after the war. This is uncovered to us by the young lady in scene two who turned by offering some assistance to Beckmann, the young lady gives him dry garments and encourages him to get some glow. The young lady from the start clarifies that the explanation for her assistance was because of the way that Bechmann was wet and cool, however later she concede that she helped him since he by one way or another looked honest and tragic. The purpose for his trouble can be ascribed to what occurred after his arrival from the war fr ont n Russia, to his misery Beckmann come to realty with the hard truth of the loss of his home and spouse which was difficult for him to hold up under. Scene two of the play shows another psychological territory of Beckmann where he lost the enthusiasm of being alive and he endeavors to end it all for a subsequent time in vein. After the assistance that he gets from the young lady, Bechmann follows her to where she lives and he discovers the young lady's significant other was likewise an officer like him. We see the young lady chuckling at him because of the gasmask goggles that was wearing, since it allowed him to consider the to be as foggy and dark. The young lady state that her significant other return from war in braces because of a military order given by sergeant Beckmann that why he had lost his leg. This disclosure chases down him to the degree of that he returns to the waterway for another endeavor to end it all. The war affected the psychological province of Beckmann where he fails to find a sense of contentment with what occurred during the war and much after the war, the arrangement available to him is to attempt to end it all so as to flee from these real factors. In scene three we see another province of Beckmann's psychological state where he censures the colonel for what occurred during the war. He converses with the colonel about the different bad dreams that he needed to persevere through every single day. He portrays dreams where man is running sweating profusely. Beckmann tells the colonel that all the dead men since the commencement are there and he is among them looking wiped out, by one way or another stained and this men continue yelling out his name. This scene uncovers the torment that Beckmann is experiencing because of the men lost under his order during the war time frame. This psychological torment makes Beckmann to go to the degree of accusing the colonel of the considerable number of men lost during the war. It very well may be inferred that he is accusing the colonel as a getaway to the way that those men lost their lives under his order, he is doing this trying to discover harmony with his spirit for what occurred during t he war. Putting together my contention with respect to the above mental character of Beckmann after the war, it very well may be presumed that he is impulsive because of what happened to his life after the war. This condition of his psyche can be ascribed principally to the way that he lost all he had including his significant other and home. This circumstance is the thing that brings backs what occurred during the war to him because of the depression and misery realized by these realities of losing everything that he esteemed throughout everyday life. All endeavors to end it all, to avoid individuals and putting the fault of the lost men during the war who were under his order is only an endeavor to discover harmony for his spirit. The post war impact influences him adversely intellectually and socially. Then again, our concentrate presently goes to the kinnd of express the world is in after the war as portrayed in the show, ' The Man Outside'. First individuals on the planet are in torment because of the loss of their adored one during the war. This is appeared by the sort of torment that Beckmann needs to experience after the war where he lost his home and spouse because of the war. The torments are to a lot to tolerate for other people, that they even go to the degree of taking their lifes because of the anguish. The condition of the universe of the war can be depicted as where many are in torment battling to accompany terms with what they lost during the war. Another condition of the world after the war as uncovered by the show is loss of property and lives. This is plainly appeared by what Beckmann lost during the war. He returns home to find that he had lost all that he esteemed throughout everyday life, his better half and home. We see him having bad dreams because of numerous troopers that were lost during the war. This shows the war effectsly affected the inhabitant of the earth where they needed to lose them adored one and property because of war. They individuals are influenced financially and sincerely because of these misfortunes achieved by the war. The war additionally acquired the world a state where numerous individuals impeded genuinely and intellectually as the outcome. This is depicted to us by the physical debilitation condition of the young lady who helped Beckmann. The young lady describe to him that her significant other lost a leg during the war. This demonstrations proof that numerous individuals on the planet ended up being debilitated genuinely where some lost their legs, hands, eyes among numerous different pieces of their bodies. This show the world in a condition of dealing with the torments of the war which came about to the physical impairments of a portion of its individuals. At long last, the world is in a condition of habitual pettiness for what occurred during the war. This condition of habitual pettiness is found in the play where Beckmann goes to colonel house and reprimands him for all the individuals that passed on under his order during the war in Russia. The creator of the show primary point in this scene is to draw out the topic of habitual pettiness that consistently comes because of war. This is the situation on the planet where individuals are consistently in habitual pettiness for what occurred in the war. Some accuse their seniors for the loss of their companion in the war front and loss of property. The end that can be gotten from the psychological province of Beck and the world after the war was welcomed on the play; ' The Man Outside ' shows that all the individuals everywhere throughout the world should live in harmony and agreement. The creator demoralizes the total populace not to do battle with one another by demonstrating the expenses of the war in his show. The creator shows that the war achieves mental torment, loss of cherished one, property and enemity between different individuals and countries. Purchase custom Mental State after War article

Answers to Finance Multiple Choice Questions Assignment - 825 Words

Answers to Finance Multiple Choice Questions Assignment (Multiple Choice Questions Sample) Content: Town Crier has 10.0 million shares of common stock outstanding, 2.0 million shares of preferred stock outstanding, and 10.00 thousand bonds. If the common shares are selling for $28.00 per share, the preferred share are selling for $15.50 per share, and the bonds are selling for 97.00 percent of par, what would be the weight used for equity in the computation of Town Crier's WACC?83.26%66.67%33.33%87.31%JackITs has 6.1 million shares of common stock outstanding, 2.1 million shares of preferred stock outstanding, and 31.00 thousand bonds. If the common shares are selling for $29.20 per share, the preferred share are selling for $14.60 per share, and the bonds are selling for 97.89 percent of par, what would be the weight used for equity in the computation of JackIT's WACC?74.49%33.33%74.11%66.67%Your firm needs a machine which costs $160,000, and requires $37,000 in maintenance for each year of its 7 year life. After 5 years, this machine will be replaced. The machine falls into the MACRS 7-year class life category. Assume a tax rate of 30% and a discount rate of 14%. What is the depreciation tax shield for this project in year 7?$4,286.40$14,288$2,000.32$10,001.60Suppose your firm is considering two mutually exclusive, required projects with the cash flows shown below. The required rate of return on projects of both of their risk class is 8 percent, and that the maximum allowable payback and discounted payback statistic for the projects are 2 and 3 years, respectively.Time: 0 1 2 3 Project A Cash Flow -35,000 25,000 45,000 16,000 Project B Cash Flow -45,000 25,000 5,000 65,000 Use the payback decision rule to evaluate these projects; which one(s) should it be accepted or rejected?accept A, reject Breject A, accept Baccept both A and Baccept neither A nor BRose Resources faces a smooth annual demand for cash of $11.5 million; incurs transaction costs of $400 every time they sell marketable securities, and can earn 5.4 percent on their marketable securities. What will be their optimal cash replenishment level? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)$29,186.50$291,865.01$412,759.46$35,892.13Which of the following will increase a firm's need for additional funds?An increase in the firm's average collection periodAn increase in the retention ratioA decrease in sales growthAn increase in accrued wagesWhich of the following is likely to increase the firm's additional funds needed?The firm cuts its dividend by 50 percent.The firm reduces its usage of trade credit.The firm has unused fixed assets.All of these would increase the firm's additional funds needed.Your company doesn't face any taxes and has $503 million in assets, currently financed entirely with equity. Equity is worth $40.30 per share, and book value of equity is equal to market value of equity. Also, let's assume that the firm's expected values for EBIT depend upon which state of the economy occurs this year, with the possible values of EBIT and their associated prob abilities as shown below:State Recession Average Boom Probability of State .25 .50 .25 Expect EBIT in State $53 million $103 million $173 million The firm is considering switching to a 25-percent debt capital structure, and has determined that they would have to pay a 8 percent yield on perpetual debt in either event. What will be the level of expected EPS if they switch to the proposed capital structure? (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places except calculation of number of shares which should be rounded to nearest whole number.)$31.93$10.47$17.41$10.64JEN Corp. is expected to pay a dividend of $5.50 per year indefinitely. If the appropriate rate of return on this stock is 11 percent per year, and the stock consistently goes ex-dividend 30 days before dividend payment date, what will be the expected minimum price in light of the dividend payment logistics?$49.57$55.03$50.00$44.07Calculating Costs of Issuing DebtHome Improvement, Inc. needs to rai se $2.00 million to finance plant expansion. In discussions with its investment bank, Home Improvement learns that the bankers recommend a debt issue with a gross proceeds of $1,000 per bond and they will charge an underwriter's spread of 7 percent of the gross proceeds. How many bonds will Home Improvement need to sell in order to receive the $2.00 million they need?2,140,0002,150,5382,1512,140Under/Over Valued StockA manager believes his firm will earn a 16.8 percent return next year. His firm has a beta of 1.58, the expected return on the market is 14.8 percent, and the risk-free rate is 4.8 percent. Compute the return the firm should earn given its level of risk and determine whether the manager is saying the firm is under-valued or over-valued.20.6%, over-valued24.384%, under-valued20.6%, under-valued24.384%, over-valuedPortfolio BetaYou own $19,000 of City Steel stock that has a beta of 3.29. You also own $37,000 of Rent-N-Co (beta = 1.74) and $20,400 of Lincoln Corporation (b eta = -.86). What is the beta of your portfolio?1.434.171.004.92xxPortfolio ReturnAt the beginning of the month, you owned $10,600 of Company G, $10,500 of Company S, and $16,000 of Company N. The monthly returns for Company G, Company S, and Company N were 9.8 percent, -1.30 percent, and 9.3 percent. What is your portfolio return? (Round intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)6.46%17.75%6.78%5.92%xxValue a Constant Growth StockFinancial analysts forecast Best Buy Company (BBY) growth for the future to be 15.00 percent. Their recent dividend was $1.39. What is the value of their stock when the required rate of return is 16.23 percent?$113.01$129.96$13.00$9.91TIPS Capital ReturnConsider a 4.75% TIPS with an issue CPI reference of 185.00. At the beginning of this year, the CPI was 197.00 and was at 202.10 at the end of the year. What was the capital gain of the TIPS in dollars? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)$5.10$27.57$17.10$12.00Forecasting Interest RatesOn May 23, 20XX, the existing or current (spot) one-year, two-year, three-year, and four-year zero-coupon Treasury security rates were as follows:1R1= 6.15%, 1R2= 6.65%, 1R3= 7.15%, 1R4= 7.35% Using the unbiased expectations theory, what is the one-year forward rate on zero-coupon Treasury bonds for year four as of May 23, 20XX25.11%7.95%7.35%6.825%Present Value of Multiple AnnuitiesA small business owner visits his bank ...

The Variation Of Light Intensity With Distance - Free Essay Example

The variation of light intensity with distance; namely the inverse square law of light intensity with distance. Background Theory Light emitted from any kind of source, e.g. the sun, a light bulb, is a form of energy. Everyday problems such as lighting required for various forms of labouring or street illumination, require one to able to determine and evaluate the intensity of light emitted by any light source or even the illumination of a given surface. A special group of studies is formed around these issues and it is called photometry. Luminous flux is a scalar quantity which measures the time rate of light flow from the source. As all measures of energy transferred over a period of time, luminous flux is measured in Joules/Seconds or Watts (SI units). It can therefore safely be said that luminous flux is a measure of light power. Visible light consists of several different colours, each representing a different wavelength of the radiation spectrum. For example red colour has a wavelength 610-700 nm, similarly yellow 550-590 nm and blue 450-500 nm. The human eye demonstrates different levels of sensitivity to the various colours of the spectra. More specifically, the maximum sensitivity is observed in the yellow-green colour (i.e. 555nm). From all the above, it is clear that there is the need to define a unit associating and standardising the visual sensitivity of the various wavelengths to the light power which are measured in Watts; this unit is called the special luminous flux unit of the lumen (lm). One lumen is equivalent to1/680 Watt of light with a wavelength of 555 nm. This special relationship between illumination and visual response renders the lumen the preferred photometric unit of luminous flux for practical applications. On top of that one of the most widely used light sources in everyday life such as the electric light bulb emits light which consists of many different wavelengths. A measure of the luminous strength of any light source is called the light sources intensity. At this point, it should be said that the intensity of a light source depends on the quantity of lumens emitted within a finite angular region which is formed by a solid angle. To give a visual representation of the solid angle, recall that in a bi-dimensional plane the plane angle is used for all kinds of angular measurements. A further useful reminder regards the arc length s; namely for a circle o f radius r the arc length s is calculating by the formula S = r * q -Equation. 1 (qis measured in radians) Now, in a three dimensional plane the solid angle W is similarly used for angular measurements. Corresponding to the q plane angle, each section of surface area A of a sphere of radius r is calculating by using the following formula; A= r2*W -Equation. 2 (Remember that W is measured in steradians) By definition one steradian is the solid angle subtended by an area of the spherical surface equal to the square of the radius of the sphere. Taking into account all the above mentioned, the luminous intensity I of a light source (small enough to be considered as a point source) pointing towards the solid angle is given by: I = F/ W -Equation. 3 Where F is the flux measured in lumens. It is clear that the luminous intensity unit is lumen /steradian. This unit used to be called a candle, as it was defined in the context of light emitted from carbon filamen t lamps. Generally speaking, luminous intensity in any particular direction is called the candle power of the source. The corresponding unit in the SI system is called the candela (cd)which is the luminous intensity emitted by 1/60 cm2 of platinum at a temperature of 2054K (which is the fusion point of platinum). A uniform light source (small enough to be considered as a point source) whose luminous intensity is equal to one candela, is able to produce a luminous flux of one lumen through each solid angle. The equation shown below is the mathematical expression of the above definition: F = W * I -Equation. 4 Where I is equal to one cd and W is equal to one sr. In similar terms the total flux Ftof a uniform light source with an intensity I can be calculated with the aid of the following formula. Ft = W t* I Equation. 5 And taking into account that the total solid angle Wt of a sphere is 4p sr, the above formula becomes Ft = 4p * I -Equation. 6 When a surface is irradiated with visible light it is said to be illuminated. For any given surface, the illuminance E (which is also called illumination) is intuitively understood and defined to be the flux indenting on the surface divided by the total area of the surface. E = F / A Equation. 7 In the case where the several light sources are present and illuminate the same surface, the total illuminance is calculated by adding up all of the individual source illuminations. The SI unit allocated the illuminance is the lux (lx)where one lx is equal to 1 lm / 1 m2. Another way of expressing illumination in the context of light sources intensity and the distance from the light source can be derived by forming a combination of the last few mentioned equations: E = F / A = I * W / A = I / r2 -Equation. 8 Where r is the distance measured from the source or the radius of a sphere whose total area is A (W = A / r2). An important side note at this point is that 1fc equals 1cd/ft2 and also 1lx is equal to1cd/ m2. It is evident that the illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the measured distance from the light source. In the case of constant light source intensity I, it can be said that: E2/E1 = r12/r22= (r1/r2)2 Equation. 9 In the real world, the incident light is very rarely normal to a surface; nearly always light impacts on a surface at an angle of incidence q. In this case the illuminance is calculated by: E = I* cos q/ r2 -Equation. 10 To sum up, there are several ways which can be employed in order to measure illumination. Nearly all of the m are based on the photoelectric effect originally discovered by Albert Einstein (for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1921). In a few words when light strike sa material electron emission is observed and electric current flows if there is a circuit present. This current is proportional to the incident light flux and to the work function of the material; the intensity of the resulted current flow is measured by instruments calibrated in illumination units. Apparatus Components: Light Sensor Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) Light bulb Ruler Power supply Voltmeter Ammeter Connecting wires and Inline conductors Two Vertical Stands Black Paper Experimental Apparatus The experimental apparatus consisted off various parts. The basis of the light reception circuit was a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which is the essential part of the apparatus since in enables the measurement of the lights intensity. To give a brief introduction to this type of devices, it should be said that all kinds of materials exhibit some kind of resistance to electric current flow (which by definition is orientated flow of electrons). The particularity of an LDR device lays in the fact that its resistance is not constant; instead, it varies its value according to the lights intensity that impacts on it. Generally speaking, LDR devices can be categorized in two main divisions: negative and positive coefficient. The former decrease the irresistance as the lights intensity grows bigger; on the other hand, the latter increase their resistance as the lights intensity becomes greater. At the microscopic level, such a device consists of semi-conducting material like doped-silicon (the most commonly used material for electronic applications).When light impacts on the device material, this energy is absorbed by the covalent bonded electrons. Subsequently, this excessive energy breaks the bonds between the electrons and creates free electrons inside the material. These electrons are free to move inside the material and hence increase there sistivity of the material since they are no longer bonded. Another essential part of the apparatus is the light source, which in this particular cause was an incandescent lamp (these lamp sare the most commonly used ones found in most everyday applications). The basic component of an incandescent lamp is the wire filament which is usually made of tungsten; this filament is sealed in glass b ulb. Now, the bulb itself is filled with a mixture of low pressure argon and nitrogen in gaseous form. The use of those two gases is to delay the evaporation of the metal filament as well as itoxidation. Ones current begins to flow through the tungsten filament, it gets so hot that it looks white. Under these operating conditions the filament itself ranges in temperature from 2500-3000 degrees Celsius. All incandescent lamps have continuous spectrum which lies primarily in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The basic drawback of these devices is they poor efficiency, since more than 95% of the lamps energy is lost to the ambient environment in the form of heat. The detailed apparatus used for this investigation is shown schematically in figure.1. According to this figure the light source(incandescent lamp (light bulbs electrical characteristics required here) ) is placed on a fixed stand and is kept at a vertical upright position looking upwards. It is e vident that ones the bulb is switch on the light will be emitted isotropically towards all directions. A power supply(( power supplys electrical characteristics required here) ) was used for powering up the light bulb and providing variable voltage values. In that way, as will be explained later, the intensity of the light emitted by the bulb will not stay constant and neither will the voltage across the LDR. Opposite the light bulb, on another stand the LDR device has kept fixed in place with the aid of cohesive material (blu tack). The LDR device was placed normally to the light bulb so that the angle of incidence of the light coming of the source remains constant and normal throughout the experimental measurements. Another observation that can be made from Figure.1 is the interconnection between the LDR device, the voltmeter, the ammeter and the power supply. More specifically, in order for the LDR to function properly, a voltage was applied across the receiver circui t ( 4 Volts power pack in our case). The voltmeter was connected across the LDR device in order to constantly measure the value of the voltage across the LDR. These variations were due to the alternations to the intensity of the incident light (since the resistance value was changing). The volt meter ideally would have infinite resistance, however in reality its resistance is finite and thus small deviations of the indicated voltage from the real value were expected. Another quantity under monitoring was the current flowing into the LDR device. For this purpose an ammeter was placed in series with the LDR. Its rule was very important since the current flow into the LDR device had to remain constant throughout the experimental measurements. Again, the ideal ammeter would not have any impendence at all. In reality all ammeter demonstrate a finite albeit very small value of resistance: thus deviation of the indicated value from the actual one should be expected. (Missing resistance for potential divider?) A very interesting configuration (and very widely used) for light intensity measurements using the same components as the ones available for this practical can be seen in Figure.1 with a little insight. A closer look to the receiver circuit reveals that a potential divider is formed by the way that the above mentioned components are connected. On a side note, measuring the current coming out of the LDR device would be feasible and relatively easy since the output current would be directly proportional to the value of the LDR resistance. A better way would be to measure the output voltage which happens to be the voltage across the LDR (i.e. the value monitor by the voltmeter). In this case the voltage is proportional to the current flowing through the LDR device. The second resistance required to form the potential divider comes from the finite internal resistance of the ammeter. The value of the output voltage V output can be calculated b y using the standard potential divider formula shown below: Vout = RLDR / (RLDR + RAMMETER)* Vin Equation. 11 Where Vinis the voltage applied across the receiver circuit, RLDR and RAMMETER are the resistance of the LDR device and the internal resistance of the ammeter respectively. Since the aim of those measurements is to investigate the relationship between the light intensity with distance, despite the fact that both the light bulb and LDR are kept fixed vertically the stand of the light bulb was able to be translated horizontally. For the purpose of the experiments the translation of the light bulb was made parallel with a ruler which was placed between the two stands. This configuration was quite optimal since it allowed the exact distance between light source and receiver to be know throughout the experiments. In all optical experiments one of most fundamental error is the background illumination and the interference of other light sources. For this reason the apparatus was surrounded by black paper. Experimental Procedure The LDR sensor and the light bulb have to be at the same vertical height during all experimental measurements. One key point to notice is in that way the light bulb behaves as more like a point source of light, justifying the use of all mathematical equations. The LDR sensor has to point towards the light bulb at all times. Having set up the experimental apparatus and chosen the range of the distance between the light bulb and the LDR sensor, a reference measurement of the LDR sensor was made having the light bulb switched off. Depending on the power of the light bulb a starting distance of 10 cm was deemed to be sufficient for the calibration purposes. Progressively, after performing the calibration this distance as explained below increased. Similarly, the rest of the experimental apparatuss components (i.e. receiver device, voltmeter, ammeter, etc.) were also switched off during this very crucial calibration phase of the practical; generally speaking it is very good and common practice as well as much more preferable to carry out the calibration and experimental procedure in conditions of total darkness. The previous step insured that the background illumination was measured and this value would have to be deducted from all further measurements. Hence the error of the measurements is eliminated and their credibility is increased by a great degree. The light bulb was initially switched on by applying a specific voltage across it; subsequently the exact distance between the light bulb and the LDR was measured using the ruler. The next and most important step at this stage was to measure the value of the potential difference across the LDR device for this specific position of the light bulb. For reasons of reference, the value of the ammeter was also recorded. The position of the light bulb stand was then altered along the ruler in constant and knows intervals of distance. For each known distance the above measurements had to be repeated o ver and over. At this stage it would be useful to emphasize that the acquisition of the above data can be made for more than one time per known distance r, since averaging of data decreases the error percentage in the experimental measurements obtained. In that way, a comprehensive chart or table can be formed associating distance values (between the two stands) to output voltage values.

Antisocial Personality Behavior Essay - 1311 Words

Antisocial Personality Behavior When we define abnormal behavior we must keep in mind that â€Å"normal† differs from culture to culture. What it is normal for a person from India is completely strange for a person from Europe, Colombia or Japan. To determine whether a person’s behavior is abnormal psychologist use three basic criteria as follows: Deviation from statistical norms and social norms, maladaptive behavior, and personal distress. If the individual’s behavior is considered â€Å"abnormal†, mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a methodical tool to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. This paper will focus on the exploration of personality disorder and more†¦show more content†¦Axis ? refers to the description of symptoms that causes significant impairment. Axis II defines long-term problems that are unnoticed in the presence of Axis I disorders. Personality disorders can have a deep effect on h ow a patient relates to the world, for example antisocial personality disorder. Axis III offers information about any medical conditions that could be present. Axis IV describes the psychosocial and environmental factors influencing the person. Axis V allows the clinician to rate the clients overall level of functioning. It uses a rating scale called the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). This rating scale goes from 0 to 100 and provides a way to summarize how well the person is functioning overall. The movie Girl interrupted gives an insight of a group of girls in a mental institution. In this paper I will describe Lisa Rowe, who is one of the patients of this institution, her behavior, and diagnoses. Lisa Rowe, played by Angelina Jolie, was diagnosed as a sociopath with falls under the category of antisocial personality disorder. 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The Deaths Of Women During Ciudad Juarez - 2788 Words

In general those who live in Ciudad Juarez know about the recurring murders over the past decade involving women. Despite of that there are still millions that are oblivious to this occurring or choose to ignore it. It also gets less talked about comparing to other issues occurring around the world. Those who choose to talk about the subject eventually give up because they saw no immediate results or any progress at all. As stated before some chose to ignore the issue because they felt it was the easy way out and had fear of their own lives as well. Especially, the residents of Ciudad Juarez were in fear to speak of it because they felt they would put their lives endangered. However, to truly understand the severity and seriousness of this subject like many other issues you need to have some idea of how and why it started and the history or facts surrounding the issue. That is why the main focus is finding the factors that may have contributed to the recurring murders of women in Ciu dad Juarez. Moreover, the effects of the murders on the victim families, the public in general, and the city. Also finding if there were any motives behind the murders of the women. Lastly, finding if there are any solutions for the murders to come to an end, any way to deter people from doing it, and has there been something done in the past decade to tackle the murders from happening again. 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Mental And Physical Health Of College Students - 1469 Words

Literature Review: Mental and Physical Health of College Students Jackie Brocious Misericordia University Literature Review: Mental and Physical Health of College Students This paper is focused on the sub-topic of mental and physical health of college students, either within healthcare-related fields or general graduate programs. This sub-topic is a branch of our group’s research purpose of identifying the occupational therapy (OT) student’s perception and confidence with an OT program and their preparedness within the field. A study done by Pfeifer, Kranz, and Scoggin (2008) at Texas University focused on the perceived stress of OT students in an entry level master’s program. The results from the interview revealed that†¦show more content†¦It was found that much of the cause of psychological distress came from the lack of clarity and transparency within the structure of the programs and study plans, and not with the quality of the teachers (Nerdrum et al., 2009). Jacob, Itzchak, and Raz (2013) stated that many healthcare students perceive themselves as working under a lot of pressure due to the demands of their programs. The students rated time demands of courses and the amount of material covered the highest indicators of stress within the academic factor (Jacob et al., 2013). In Norway, a survey reported that college students were at a greater risk of developing mental health problems than the general population (Bonsaksen, 2015). Female students were also twice as likely to report mental health problems compared to their male counterparts (Bonsaksen, 2015). At the end of the study, the male students had a higher satisfaction with the OT program, and had higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy (Bonsaksen, 2015). Bonsaksen (2015) also notes that regarding the self-esteem measure, the students who spent most of their time on self-study, acquired higher scores, which suggests that the female students, who tended to have a lower self-esteem and self-efficacy, could offset it by increasing self-study. Holinka’s (2015) study was determined to support other findings of how stress negatively correlates with college students’ life satisfaction. The analysis from her study

Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1917 Words

Abby Yates Stukel AP Language and Composition 19 October 2014 The Harry Potter series is arguably the most well known sequence of books and movies of all time. Harry, a heroic wizard, is portrayed as a Christ figure throughout the series, assisting friends, family, and strangers before himself. He is also marked by the wound of another with a scar, and that disfigurement defines him as a person to those who may be unfamiliar to him. He possesses some of the qualities of another fictional character, written about over two centuries before him. Hester Prynne is marked by her scarlet letter, giving people a preconceived notion about who she is, similar to Harry’s iconic scar. She also puts others before herself, including those who had betrayed her trust (Dimmesdale), similar to Harry saving his enemy Draco from being engulfed in flame in the seventh installment of the series. These acts of selflessness shown by these characters resemble the actions of Christ, and allude back to the Bible. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to Christianity and the Bible to expose the Puritan’s rigid dogmatism that fails to appreciate his endorsement of love, tolerance, and mercy prevalent throughout the novel. Hawthorne uses images of Biblical figures throughout the story to expose the harshness of Puritan judgment and ironically highlight the sinner. The opening chapter of the novel describes the prison in which Hester and her daughter Pearl are detained. On one side ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1404 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the scarlet lett er, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sin, charity, righteousness, grace, and the danger of merely thinking symbolically. It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. Author and date of first publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. Hester Prynne- Hester Prynne, the protagonist and wearer of the scarlet letter, is a very independent, loving, intelligent, and at times depressed woman who is the mother of Pearl. b. Arthur Dimmesdale- Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Pearl, is a reverend in town who is greatly honored forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1563 Words   |  7 PagesReading The Scarlet Letter again, I imagine Hester Prynne as she steps out of the Boston jail. She carries her out-of-wedlock baby in her arms but does not hide the A she wears on her breast. Her crime, though it will never be named in the book by more than an initial, is placed on exhibition. Yet she has converted the letter into her own statement by fantastic flourishes of gold embroidery. She is a mystery beyond the reach not only of her fellow Bostonians but also of the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The Scarlet Letter, is about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, while her husband, Chillingworth, w as back in Great Britain. Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town s priest, engage in the act of adultery and have a baby girl named Pearl, though only Hester knows that Dimmesdale is the father. She has promised Dimmesdale not to give up his identity. HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1184 Words   |  5 PagesAs I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and against all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, Hawthorne

Music and Concert Analysis Essay Example For Students

Music and Concert Analysis Essay During this process, you will deed to do the following: A. Before and during the concert: take notes 1. Read the prompt carefully. Usually, the concert review assigned in an academic context is different from the one in a newspaper or magazine. Be sure to understand your instructors expectations. 2. Get access to the show. In order to review the concert, youll need to get in the door! 3. Take notes about what is happening on the stage. Write down your observations of the time and space of the concert such as intermission, stage lighting, and musicians attire. Both formal and informal conversations by the musicians on the stage may be also useful for your review. . Get the list of songs/compositions. You will need to mention what pieces were played at the concert in your review. If some particular pieces are outstanding among the repertoire, take notes on the reasons. If you do not know the names of all of the pieces, you can sometimes get a copy of the song list from the concert manager. 5. Review the performers. Take notes about how well (or poorly) the musicians played, if there was any outstanding piece (and, if so, why? , and whether or not there was any stage banter. Be as descriptive and detailed as possible, including the performers positions, attire, gestures, etc. You might also want to pay attention to the backup players; lead singers are not the only stars. Dont let your review be only a critique of the center stage. 6. Take notes about the audience. While your focus should be on what the musicians do, not the audience, it may be useful for your readers to know what type of fans showed up, how the audience responded, and whether it was a large or small crowd. Whether the show was sold out or only 10 fans showed up, audience size and their response have a tendency to affect the musicians performance. B. After the concert: write a review 1. Introduction. Music and Concert By Roseland f musicians/ensembles/conductors. You may also include details, such as the specific locale, to give readers unfamiliar with the area a better idea of where the concert took place. Also, if the concert was held earlier in the day, or extremely late at night, be sure to mention that. . Description. The main body of the concert review should include brief discussions of each piece played during the concert you attended. Do not quote the program notes: you should write your own observations on the performance. The format of your description may be varied according to the genres of music, but it should include: the title of each ice and the name of the composer and/or musician; basic and brief information about the composer and/or piece; and your reaction to the pi ece.

Porters Diamond Model Making Sense Of Strategy

Question: Discuss about theMaking Sense of Strategyfor Porters Diamond Model. Answer: Introduction Competitiveness refers to the ability or performance of an organization, sector or country to supply products and services in relation with other firms, sectors or countries. The application of Porters Diamond model of National Advantage helps in assessing, comparing and contrasting the competitiveness of Saudi Arabia to that of China. Further, using China as a benchmark, recommendations are provided for improving the competitive advantage of Saudi Arabia (Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge 2016). According to Zhang and London (2013), diamond of National Advantage is a framework created by Michael Porter in which a country can create endowments such as advanced technology, skilled labour, government support and wide knowledge base. BRICS is an acronym for five emerging national economies namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. There are four determinants of national competitive advantage. Firstly, factor conditions are the resources such as skilled labour, infrastructure and technological base that are the factors of production. In China, the workers are mostly college-educated. The country relies on cheap labour as they mainly export to countries such as Hong Kong, Japan, Korea and the USA. The low-cost skilled employees with necessary experience, aptitude and proficiency help China to compete in the global market. China is slowly undertaking and has minimized the gap between their technological approach and global advanced level. China invests in massive infrastructure which makes the economy reliable with roads, telecommunications and electricity (Newman, Thanacoody and Hui 2011). These factors make China a highly competitive nation in the business value chain. According to Jones and Omran (2015), about 85% of the workers are low-skilled in Saudi Arabia. The country mostly depends on imported labour force and is a home for over 10.4 million expatriates (Jones and O mran 2015). This makes the labour costly in the country in comparison with China, which is cheaper in China. Further, Saudi Arabia is one of the countries which is investing in technological development for achieving its long-term vision and competitive advantage. There are significant opportunities in the infrastructural projects for road, rail and telecommunications. Like China, Saudi Arabia is trying to minimize the competitive gap through investments in factor determinants (Al-Otaibi et al. 2015) Secondly, demand conditions are the level of home market demand for a particular product or service. China exports several products such as machinery, rubber, textile, minerals and electronic products. The demand from the USA, European Union, North America, Hong Kong and various other countries. However, the economic slowdown has reduced the demand for steel, coal and other metals. China imports plastic materials, transport equipment, fuel materials and chemical products as they are heavily demanded in the home market (Pi and Curran 2016). Saudi Arabia has the largest reserve of natural gas that adds to the competitiveness of the country. Further, other products such as foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles and other equipments are mainly imported by the country as it is heavily demanded by the residents. However, in the recent years, the competitive advantage obtained from oil reserves is declining. The oil revenue is declining as it is a non-renewable source of energy which is depleting with time. This is poor in comparison with China as the country experiences increase in steel trade. The ambitions set by Saudi Arabia are claimed unrealistic due to lack of infrastructure, poor planning and manpower (Cook 2016). Thirdly, related and supporting industries helps the firm enjoy greater cost advantage and innovative inputs. The supporting industries cover tools, machines, components, parts, logistics, distribution, insurance and various other services which emphasize the manufacture of finished products. The supporting industries in China add to the advantage of cheap labour, large market and mass production. The sales in China have increased exponentially due to the privatization of distribution channels. The organizations are conducting marketing activities beyond their cities for meeting increased demand. The Chinese government invests in building a logistics infrastructure but the limit on truck sizes at certain points of day act as hindrance for logistics optimization. However, there is a scope for decentralizing the distribution networks for streamlining the processes (Liu, Lovely and Ondrich 2012). On the other hand, Saudi Arabia serves as an opportunity as well as a challenge for foreign businesses. There are various marketing regions in the country which is beneficial for different regions. Saudi Arabia does not practice much of direct marketing. There are not many facilities such as home delivery or postal insurance. In comparison with China, it is observed that Saudi needs to develop the related and supporting industries. There is a need to increase private sector participation in the economic development. There are isolated industries more than the clustered ones in Saudi Arabia in comparison with China (Rahman et al. 2012). Lastly, firm strategy, structure and rivalry are important determinant of competitiveness in which the companies determine the nature of domestic rivalry. The domestic strategy plays a crucial role in influencing the strategy of the firms. The management structure is different for all industries. The presence of strong rivals help in improving quality, create product innovations and lower the costs. China provides several opportunities to the multinational companies for economic development. The local players in the Chinese market have a great stage to offer intense competition to the global players. The local players are continually improving the quality of the products. Not only quality, but the suppliers offer cheaper products made by the domestic companies (Brekelmans 2013). In Saudi Arabia, the government plays a crucial role as the oil economies play a central role. The management structure is based on hierarchical lines with strong power held by the seniors. However, in case o n China, the join-venture strategy is found the most appropriate to do business and develop good relations with the country. Saudi Arabia businesses require significant time an effort to build strong business relationships (Liu, Lovely and Ondrich 2012). Overall, it is observed that Saudi Arabia is one of the wealthiest nations in the world. The main product exported in Saudi Arabia is oil where the government supports free trade economy. Saudi Arabia is the natural choice for all the investors in energy-based industries. The government offer high standard of living and financial incentives to the expatriate and other professionals from across the world. However, there is a need to adopt a few strategies that would help the country in enhancing global competitive advantage (Ramli and Twaha 2015). As a strategy and policy advisor, China is used as a benchmark for developing and improving the competitive advantage of Saudi Arabia. Firstly, capital control policy may be levied by the government in which the foreign capital is limited for inflow or outflow from the domestic economy. Capital must be enabled for the most efficient places. As Saudi Arabia has the highest oil reserves, capital can enable both investors and stakeholders. The economy can also diversify its production base through technological advantage. The real exchange rate pressures shall help in controlling capital inflow. Competition can be increased by investment subsidies and grants. New product development can be made. The low interest rate in the country shall also encourage investment. Tax relief on investments shall enable people to make greater investments (Chang, Liu and Spiegel 2015). Secondly, foreign direct investment can also offer a certain degree of control in the invested funds. As Saudi Arabia has free trade, like China, the country must establish joint venture firms where the ratio of ownership is divided. The public money can be used to educate people, prepare skilful workers and develop corporate finance. FDI strategy can be used to attract the national institutions to promote investment. For achieving such objectives, the country needs a diversity and variety in advertising, telemarketing and trade fairs. The related and supporting industries need to be developed as seen in case of china for effective capacity building (Chang, Liu and Spiegel 2015). Thirdly, protectionist policy may be applied for restraining trade between states. Several methods such as restrictive quotas, tariffs on imported goods and others as in case of China may be applied. Saudi Arabia is a member of several global trade organizations who have signed free trade agreements with Singapore and few other countries. With the application of trade policies such as tariffs and quotas shall help the reduction in imports. The higher price of imported products shall enable the companies to manufacture and devise technologies to manufacture products in their own country (Tirado et al. 2013). Lastly, antitrust and competition policies may be adopted by Saudi Arabia for innovation and dynamic improvement. Antitrust policy in Saudi Arabia shall help in maintaining efficacies. The policy shall help the firms and industries from exerting undue control in the market that would encourage anti-competitive behaviour. Not only domestic rivals, but the foreign companies such a Scottish Power, British Gas, Eon and others shall not be unfairly treated (Tirado et al. 2013). Conclusively, the strategies can help Saudi Arabia in improving the competitive advantage by keeping China as a benchmark. The shortcomings stated in the industrial structure for competitiveness can be minimized by using the above policies. References Al-Otaibi, F., Faleh Alharbi, M. and Almeleehan, A., 2015. Effect of Total Quality Management Practices Factors on the Competitiveness: Evidence from Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management, 10(5). Brekelmans, M., 2013.Global industrial firms face domestic rivals head on | CER. [online] Chinaeconomicreview.com. Available at: https://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-manufacturing-global-domestic [Accessed 9 Nov. 2016]. Chang, C., Liu, Z. and Spiegel, M., 2015. Capital controls and optimal Chinese monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics, 74(1), pp.1-15. Cook, J., 2016.The Huge Challenges Ahead For Saudi Arabias Oil Reforms. [online] The Huffington Post. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/saudi-arabia-economic-reform-plan_us_571fbfb4e4b0b49df6a95e52 [Accessed 8 Nov. 2016]. Fainshmidt, S., Smith, A. and Judge, W., 2016. National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality.Global Strategy Journal, 6(2), pp.81-104. Jones, R. and Omran, A., 2015.Saudi Arabia Puts Squeeze on Foreign Workers. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-puts-squeeze-on-foreign-workers-1425683630 [Accessed 8 Nov. 2016]. Liu, X., Lovely, M. and Ondrich, J., 2012. Does Final Market Demand Elasticity Influence the Location of Export Processing? Evidence from Multinational Decisions in China.The World Economy, 36(5), pp.509-536. Newman, A., Thanacoody, R. and Hui, W., 2011. The impact of employee perceptions of training on organizational commitment and turnover intentions: a study of multinationals in the Chinese service sector.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(8), pp.1765-1787. Pi, X. and Curran, E., 2016.Chinas Exports Jump Most in a Year, Boosting Growth Outlook. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-13/china-s-exports-rebounded-in-march-boosting-growth-outlook [Accessed 8 Nov. 2016]. Rahman, F., Rehman, S. and Abdul-Majeed, M., 2012. Overview of energy storage systems for storing electricity from renewable energy sources in Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), pp.274-283. Ramli, M. and Twaha, S., 2015. Analysis of renewable energy feed-in tariffs in selected regions of the globe: Lessons for Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45(1), pp.649-661. Tirado, D., Pons, J., Paluzie, E. and Martnez-Galarraga, J., 2013. Trade policy and wage gradients: evidence from a protectionist turn.Cliometrica, 7(3), pp.295-318. Zhang, P. and London, K., 2013. Towards an internationalized sustainable industrial competitiveness model.Competitiveness Review, 23(2), pp.95-113.

Understanding Specific Needs- Health and Social Care Related free essay sample

Understanding Specific Needs- Assignment 1 This assignment on understanding specific needs will look into the perceptions that people have of health, disability, illness and behaviour in a health and social care context. It will also look into and explain how attitudes towards individuals with specific needs and perceptions of those needs change over time and differ between cultures. I will then analyse how legislation, society, culture and social policy interact to influence attitudes toward and service development for individuals with specific needs. The World Health Organisation (WHO, 1946) describes health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Concepts related to health and social care that have been adapted to define health and disease in individuals include disability, illness, impairment, sickness and behaviour to name a few. These concepts may be misused by individuals who don’t actually understand the term. In order to be a competent and professional health and social care practitioner it is extremely important to understand the correct definition and have the correct perceptions of health, disability and wellbeing, if not, we may end up offending individuals in our care without meaning too. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Specific Needs- Health and Social Care Related or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is hard to find a correct definition for ‘impairment’ and ‘disability’ but WHO describes impairment as ‘any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function’- an example of this would include someone who has suffered from a stroke and as a result loses function of one side of their body. They then go on to describe disability as ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the matter or within the range considered normal for a human being’ followed by an example of ‘limited functioning of leg leads to inability to walk’. When it comes to illness, disease and sickness it is sometimes hard to differentiate between the three. Although they are quite closely related to one another they do each mean different things. Jones, 1994 described disease as a specific condition of ill health in a patient. Illness is about how you feel- it is related to disease in that you may have a particular disease but still feel well. Some people believe that if a person is ill they have a disease but this however is not always the case- a disease is a physical change or abnormality in the human body. A relevant example to highlight the difference between a disease and illness would be HIV and some forms of cancer- sufferers can live everyday relatively normal without feeling ill or sick while taking the correct medication. Most diseases will affect our behaviour if diagnosed- most obvious behaviour change could be feeling down in the dumps/ sad about the impact the disease may have on your own day to day life. However, it doesn’t have to be a problem- some people may be diagnosed with a disease, be optimistic and look at the ‘problems’ it poses but then be motivated to change those problems. Disease is the most likely out of the terms that would be most commonly used in health and social care as it is noticeable and certain whereas illness and sickness are feelings. A person has a disability if he has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities†. (Disability Discrimination Act 1995) I previously touched briefly on disability and WHO’s definition, however I have become more and more aware of disability and those who suffer from a disability within my own placement work in the c ollege helping out and assisting the students who have learning disabilities, therefore I can relate more to it. I agree with the above definition as the students in my placement, although a lot older than me; can’t complete the tasks that I take for granted everyday as well as us who don’t have a disability. I feel that by the college offering classes and providing facilities for those who have a disability is very positive and from having firsthand experience I feel that the staff do a very positive and great job with the students. There is also a door to door service available for those who are in wheelchair due to problems with their mobility- this bus collects students from their door and brings then directly to the college. This is also positive as in the past this was not available. In general I feel that discrimination against those who suffer from a disability is getting better- examples of this include ramps for wheel chair accessibility onto buses and trains which was not available in the past. I feel like we as a society are talking a step in the right direction in bringing equality to all including those who have a disability. According to Wolfensburger, 1972, the social roles perceptions of people with learning disabilities include subhuman, sick, menace, object of dread and object of ridule. The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. It looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people. When barriers are removed, disabled people can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives. The medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences. Under the medical model, these impairments or differences should be fixed or changed by medical and other treatments, even when the impairment or difference does not cause pain or illness. The medical model looks at what is wrong with the person and not what the person needs. It creates low expectations and leads to people losing independence, choice and control in their own lives. An example of both models in action would be a wheelchair user wants to get into a building with a step at the entrance. Under a social model solution, a ramp would be added to the entrance so that the wheelchair user is free to go into the building immediately. Using the medical model, there are very few solutions to help wheelchair users to climb stairs, which excludes them from many essential and leisure activities. Each models have their individual strengths and weaknesses however I do feel that the one that I agree with most is the social model- I believe that the mind is a powerful thing, and thinking positively and pushing ourselves to reach our full potential is extremely important in how we develop- I believe that by the social model encouraging independence of those who are disabled they are doing exactly this. In saying this I of course still understand the importance of the medical side and its importance in disability. The most recent model in relation to disability is the affirmative model and it is all about celebrating diversity. In 2000, John Swain and Sally French came up with the idea for the new model. They believed that yes the social model was great from promoting independence and equality however with this, people were still going to see disabled people as a personal tragedy and feel sympathetic towards them and therefore they would never be treated equal to those without a disability. So the Affirmative Model was initially proposed as a counter to this personal tragedy narrative of impairment. It is expressed in the voices of people who say, Deafness is normal for me. I wouldn’t want to be other than Deaf. Or, I’ve been blind since birth. Why would I want to change? This is who I am. Or, I have learning difficulties. I have Down’s Syndrome but I don’t ‘suffer’ from Down’s Syndrome. This is who I am as a person. This is me. It encourages disabled people to be happy in the people that they are and in my opinion they should do exactly this. We as health and social care workers must be advocates to the disabled in our society. We must speak out and act persuasively on behalf of anyone in our cares rights and just in general should speak up for everyone’s rights. We must do so because of legislative requirements, our code of practice and care value base but most of all because we feel it is right to do so. Although, as mentioned above, Northern Ireland as a society is becoming more and more aware and accommodating to the needs of the disabled it has been quite a long time coming in comparison to other countries, Sweden being a prime example. There is a huge difference in how disabled people are treated here and how they are treated in Sweden. Sweden follow the Nordic Model which has characteristics such as welfare funded by high taxes (around 35%), universal welfare rights, high level of public/state interventions and political consensus and shared culture and belief. Benefits come from using the Nordic model and have helped Sweden in becoming the well thought of country it is today. For example, carers in Sweden can be off work for as long as they need and still be paid- they receive great benefits. It is a society focused on everyone which helps in the support of vulnerable people who are in need of help. Sweden has higher levels of social satisfaction and well being. They are great at negotiating issues and coming to agreements- there are very little strikes, protests and walk outs. In Sweden profit is not the most important focus- commitment to society is. They were also ahead of us in Northern Ireland in making significant decisions- one of these being the Grunewald’s 4 phases of care ervices which was introduced in 1974. The first phase in Grunewald’s phases of caring is diagnostic stage and ultimately identifying the problem. The next phase looks at the specialisation of the problem- this seen the need for a ‘specialist’ institution caring for people. The third phase of care services was differentiation which appreciated that one service was not enough and could not meet the need holistically therefore the development of multi disciplinary models was introduced. The final stage of Grunewald’s phases of caring was decentralisation- this ensured the integration of services and use of ‘ordinary’ facilities. This highlights just how quick and early Sweden were in discovering that those who had a disability in their country needed to be treated with equality and needed to be able to do the things that everyone else could do. The next part of the assignment will look into the development of community care in Northern Ireland which will then enable me to make fair comparisons between it and Sweden. Community care is not a new concept. The term however means different things to different people. This paper uses the term to mean care outside hospital’. Community care is in relation to those who previously lived in long stay institutions now live in and are cared for in the community. It ensures that those living in the community who need care, for example, older people, people with mental illness, learning/ physical disabil ity and those suffering from addiction, victims of abuse, homeless etc are facilitated to remain in the community. It is provided by three sectors; statutory sector which is the government/ Trusts, independent sector which is separate from the government and include voluntary organisations as well as private organisations and finally informal sector which is unpaid carers including relatives, friends neighbours etc. ‘Ever since the Health Service had been created, and indeed for long before it, the long stay services in hospitals for the mentally ill and elderly and handicapped had been a disgrace to a humane society. Glennerster (2000) P113 The 1960’s is when things started to change in relation to institutional care. Reductions in admission led the government to conclude that demand was not high, this alongside criticisms of institutional care from Barbara Robb’s book ‘Sans Everything’ as well as Geoffrey Howe’s critical inquiry into care at Ely Hospital for people with learning disabilities gave the government the recognition that things were not right h owever there were no solutions made in this decade. The next ecade, the 1970’s, presented better services debate on the agenda as well as beginnings of health service reform which was looking promising, however economic constraints led to not a whole lot of improvements being carried out. In the 1980’s much of the same negotiations took and things began to improve such as adult commission- making a reality of community care, cost of supplementary benefit spending on private residential and nursing care as well as Griffiths report on Community Care; Agenda for Action. The 1990’s saw the introduction of The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 as well as People First; Community Care in Northern Ireland for the 1990’s. After going through this timeline of the development of community care in Northern Ireland it is quite obvious that Sweden move a whole lot faster in developing their country for those in need. I feel like this is possibly down to the relationship between the public and the government in Sweden- they seem to have a good system and seem united in most decisions. As well as this their society focuses on everyone in the society, they support vulnerable people who are in need of help and this I feel needs improved in Northern Ireland. Although there have been many improvements from previous years it is quite obvious that we still lag very far behind not only Sweden but England and Wales as well. â€Å"Severe challenging behaviour refers to behaviour of such an intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy, or behaviour which is likely to seriously limit or delay access to and use of ordinary community facilities. Emerson et al (1987) In our lifetime, most of us will come across instances of challenging behaviour, particularly those who work in health and social care environments. Behaviours that people find challenging can put people’s safety at risk, disrupt home life as well as stop a person taking part in everyday, ordinary social, educational and leisurel y activities. Challenging behaviour can affect a person’s development and their ability to learn. Problems are often caused as much by the way a person is supported – or not supported – as by their disabilities. People often behave in a ‘challenging’ way if they have problems understanding what’s happening around them or communicating what they want or need. The Alzheimer Society explained that ‘In many cases, challenging behaviours have meaning – the challenge is to figure out the significance, so that the behaviour can be managed, controlled or diverted’- this part of the assignment will look at the potential impact that challenging behaviour may have on health and social care organisations as well as analysing the strategies for working with challenging behaviours associated with specific needs. Challenging behaviour is often seen in people with conditions that affect communication and the brain, such as learning disabilities or dementia. Communication is the main way we interact and express our needs, likes and dislikes. If communication is a problem then it can be very frustrating for the person involved and may result in challenging behaviour. If this behaviour leads to a desired outcome, it may be repeated again and again. We as carers must be able to deal appropriately and effectively with challenging behaviour as we will more than likely face it in our career lifetime. As professionals we should determine whether the behaviour is challenging or safe for the person- it may be a problem for someone else which doesn’t trouble the individual at all. For example, if being in a large group of people makes the person you care for feel anxious and makes them become agitated, you could arrange for them to be in a smaller group or have one-to-one support- this will trigger challenging behaviour for some people but not everyone. In order to help deal with the behaviour we must try to understand the cause and why the person is behaving this way. We can start doing this by figuring out what has happened just before the behaviour, looking for any triggers, as well as determining what happened after the incident- it is extremely important to remember not to make assumptions as to what the cause of the behaviour is as this may bring on further challenging behaviour. Simple explanations can be the cause of challenging behaviour such as boredom and frustration as well as changes in routine, sometimes the behaviour is caused simply for a way to get attention. We must try to find the suitable solutions to meet the person’s needs and must be prepared to try different approaches in order to find the correct one. It is important to remember that challenging behaviour can usually be managed with good support and that teaching new communication skills is key in reducing the behaviour. If you as a carer are finding it hard to cope with the behaviour of the person you look after, you can ask your GP to refer you to a specialist with knowledge of challenging behaviour. The specialist will want to know what situations or people trigger the behaviour, what the early warning signs are, and what happens after the event. As well as this, there are organisations set up in order to cope with dealing with challenging behaviour, for example, many organisations for people with learning disabilities or dementia have strategies for coping with challenging behaviour. Some of these organisations also provide opportunities for carers to connect with other people in a similar situation including through family linking schemes. Similarly, family of the person with challenging behaviour can be affected by it and also need help and support. They most likely will be suffering from high levels of stress and often have emotional or physical problems of their own- they should seek help from a specialist, for example a ‘behaviour support team’ or they could alternatively speak to someone who is in a similar situation and therefore understanding of their own circumstances. Another option would be to seek comfort in speaking to a family counselling and support service. Physical Intervention can, sometimes, come along with challenging behaviour however this should only ever happen if needs be. Physical intervention can include restraints such as arm splints or helmets but again should only ever be implemented as a last resort. If they are employed, it should be with clear guidelines on their use, and alongside a range of other ways of supporting the person with their behaviour. This should be recorded and regularly reviewed with a clear aim of eliminating their use. However, before any healthcare professional carries out any sort of physical intervention they should receive the correct training- this will not only teach them how to carry out the intervention properly ensuring the safety of themselves as well as the patient but also it will ensure that the carer has confidence in doing so. Overall it is quite obvious the importance that communication has in carers dealing with challenging behaviour, if we can communicate with our patients effectively as well as identifying the cause of the problem challenging behaviour will be kept to a minimal. Those suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are prone to experiencing challenging behaviour. Part of this assignment is to look at and evaluate a case study based on a school boy, Michael, who because of ADHD IS having trouble in school. Difficulties that he has include listening in class, completing homework’s, shouting out inappropriately during class as well as talking during class with this said it is obvious that he struggles with understanding the social constraints of the classroom. However one point from the case study that I feel is relevant and important to remember is that Michael attends a grammar school with a 1950’s style ethos which does suggest that the school is outdates and therefore may not accommodate correctly to those suffering from ADHD. After reading the case study, my class group devised a communication chart and came to the conclusion that Michael is simply trying to communicate but he may be misunderstood because of his ADHD- we believe that he may have little to no friends and that he may not be able to cope with the demand of work and therefore is falling behind all because of his disability, all of which would be extremely frustrating. It is evident that support is needed, not only in school but also at home from his family. This could include a recording device to help record homework such as a homework diary. Also I feel that it would be beneficial for the school teachers as well as pupils to become aware and be given more knowledge as to what ADHD actually is and its impact on those who suffer from its lives, obviously without pin pointing Michael- this would reduce stigma and people labelling Michael as a ‘problem child’. PIES is vital in the development of anyone and is particularly important for those with specific needs such as Michael. When looking at the physical aspect I feel that physical activity in after school sports would be beneficial in Michaels development- not only would this keep him physically healthy but it would also ensure his social needs improve as he would be interacting and making new friends with other students. As well as this Michael should have a set routine at home, for example getting the correct amount of sleep and eating a health balanced diet. Intellectually it is obvious that improvements need to happen if Michael is to prosper in school. I feel that it is vitally important that he gets one to one attention from a teaching assistant- this way he could seek help from the teaching assistant by asking him/her questions rather than shouting out loud and interrupting the class. The school could also contribute by changing their teaching style by making it more up to date and interactive to suit all students, including Michael. Finally, as mentioned previously, extra support at home would be beneficial and effective communication between Michael’s parent and teachers would help develop his intellectual needs. Emotional support will help in Michael’s development in school. A school counsellor could be provided to help him with his transition from Primary school, in which the case study points out he had no problems, to secondary school where there are obvious problems. Another idea could be that the school could develop different methods of dealing with challenging behaviour rather than strict punishment, for example they could calmly speak to Michael and try to understand the problems that he may be having. Finally, in terms of Michael’s social development it would appear he has very little friends in school. As mentioned above, taking part in extracurricular activities could help develop Michael socially and would result in him making friends. After assessing the case study it is extremely obvious that the main implementation for Michael should be a person centred approach and under the Children (NI) Order 1995 Michael is entitled to receive this. â€Å"Put simply, person-centred planning is a way of discovering what people want, the support they need and how they can get it. It is evidence-based practice that assists people in leading an independent and inclusive life. Person-centred planning is both an empowering philosophy and a set of tools for change, at an individual, a team and an organisational level. It shifts power from professionals to people who use services. † http://www. dh. gov. uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/@ps/documents/digitalasset/dh_115249. pdf- accessed on 1/5/13. The school should recognise and be aware of Michael’s own needs and problems that he may have and they should accommodate these otherwise Michael could find the help he needs elsewhere. It should implement person centred thinking tools such as ‘The Doughnut’ which is particularly relevant to Michael as it helps promote independence by identifying responsibilities and avoiding the tendency to treat people with specific needs differently from everybody else which is exactly what Michael would not want. A good idea would also be for the school and Michael’s family to come together every month and assess how things are progressing, stating what’s working and what needs improved further. Person centred approaches bring a number of positive outcomes as they are a targeted intervention and they manage challenging behaviour through prevention- they should definitely be implemented in Michael’s case. After looking at challenging behaviour, the strategies and tools that can help cope with it and how to deal with people suffering from it as health and social care professionals, I feel that above all, communication is the most important aspect. If we can communicate effectively we should be able to solve any problems. Like everything in Health and Social care partnership and working together makes things go a lot smoother. Person centred approaches are also very important in those who have challenging behaviour’s development. Risk management also helps especially having a plan in the event of an emergency. Understanding Specific Needs- Assignment 2 One condition that can bring about challenging behaviour, as well as ADHD, is dementia. In order to care for those who have dementia, we as carers must have a better understanding of what the disease is and what it involves. According to the Alzheimers Disease International 2010, there are 7. 7 million new cases of dementia each year- highlighting the severity of the condition. Previously dementia was viewed as an inevitable part of the ageing process and individuals who had it were characterised as ‘senile old people who have lost their mind’. Many still hold on to this view and as a result individuals often go misdiagnosed by professionals, individuals and families (Berr et al, 2005). However as time has went on it has become more recognised as a mental health condition, given the medical definition of ‘Dementia is the insidious onset and progression of cognitive and/or behavioural symptoms that constitute a departure from the individual’s customary way of thinking and/or behaving. Wicklund and Weintruab 2005. As a result of this more research into the condition has been carried out. Dementia is not classified as a disease but rather a symptom, it indicates that the brain is not functioning ‘normally’ but researchers can not specify the cause or source of the ‘malfunction’. Dementia affects individuals i ndependence and as a result their daily living as well as social relationships. Their personality can change and their memory lost. Their emotional responsiveness changes alongside their language, reasoning, judgement and ability to communicate all of which can be very hard for loved ones to come to terms with. Alzheimer’s Scotland 2003 stress that being diagnosed with dementia is not ‘the end of the road’ and while it brings great changes and challenges ‘there’s still a whole world to enjoy’. A lot of individuals suffering from dementia, depending on the severity, live in care settings simply because they can become difficult for family members alone to look after. In my own experience of working in a care home I know too well about the care that those with dementia need. As carers it is important that we promote as much independence on those with dementia. It is important to help them remain as fit and healthy as possible- both mentally and physically. In my own care home we would fulfil this by simply taking residents for walks around the garden ensuring that they get some fresh air and aren’t just sitting in their chair all day. All principles of practice still apply for dementia individuals, we should respect their dignity when washing, respect their privacy by knocking their door before entering as well as respecting their personal style and identity when dressing them- this is reassuring for family member when visiting. As dementia develops, it can cause behaviour changes that can be confusing, irritating or difficult for others to deal with, leaving carers and family members feeling stressed, irritable or helpless. By learning to understand the meaning behind the actions, it can be easier to stay calm and deal effectively with the challenges that arise. Examples of changes in behaviour include asking the same question over and over again- in this case we should try encouraging the individual to find the answer for themselves and also ensure that we are patient and understanding. One example that is relevant to me and probably others working in a care home is residents repeatedly asking to go home; in this case we should be extremely understanding and reassure them that they are in a safe place and loved. As a result of looking after loved ones with dementia, we can sometimes neglect ourselves and it can become emotionally and physically draining. Pinquart and Sorenson (2004) suggest that the impact of caring for a person with dementia is greater than caring for a physically frail elder due to a number of challenges specific to caring for a person with dementia. Dementia results in an increased need for supervision which in turn can result in the carer becoming isolated and having no time for their own spare time activities. In making recommendations for inventions to support carers of people with dementia, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the Social Care Institute for Excellence (NICE- SCIE) took into account the findings from the research literature. The most successful interventions are tailored and multi- component, including for example: Individual or group psycho- education Peer support groups with other carers Training courses about dementia, services and benefits, and communication and problem solving in the care of people with dementia Involvement of other family members All of this highlights the importance of information on dementia and how important education on dementia is for carers. Counselling sessions have also proved valuable for carers of those with dementia. Mittelman et al (1995, 1996, 2005) set up i ndividual and family counselling, support groups and access to long term telephone support. Content would include learning techniques for managing behaviour or promoting better communication between concerned family members. There has been no formal replication of the model in the UK but the service offered by Admiral Nurses is similar in that they provide long term, carer focused support. It is obvious that in the past dementia has been perceived wrong by the public, however with more and more research and exposure as to what the condition actually is and how it affects those who have it I feel that people have begun to realise just how serious it is as well as just how much it changes not only the lives of those suffering from it but also their loved ones as well as their carers. In order to continue with this progress I feel it is extremely important for future nurses, carers and people in general to be fed information on what dementia is, how it can affect us and how we can cope with the condition in our daily lives, for example by providing more support services for carers and families in need. Bibliography World Health Organisation 1946 1984 cited in L Ewles I Simnet [2003] â€Å"Promoting Health – A Practical Guide† 5th Ed London, Balliere Tindall L Jones [1994] â€Å"The Social Context of Health and Health Work† London Macmillan http://www. disabilityartsonline. org. uk/affirmative-model-of-disability- accessed on 1/5/13 http://www. scope. org. uk/about-us/our-brand/talking-about-disability/social-model-disability- accessed on 1/5/13 Grunewald [1974] The Mentally Retarded in Sweden† Swedish Institute, Stockholm CCETSW, Conn, L. and